Has the pandemic changed the need to gather?

Target is not in financial difficulty and is actually doing well. The sale of ⅓ of its corporate headquarters space is the result of deciding that after experiencing the pandemic and many employees working remotely, it no longer made sense to continue to spend money on the amount of office space it had accumulated. The cost of the space and the hassles and wasted time of commuting and parking in a downtown area could no longer be justified. The daily gathering of many who could easily work at a distance no longer made sense.

I mainly write about education and bringing up the situation with Target may not seem connected, but like Target will the experiences of remote working lead to changes. Many have made this prediction during the past year, but I would guess most also thought when gathering in the same locations to work or learn would return to normal in a few months. I think we will see some changes.

I would guess K12 education will change the least. Maybe more upper-level students will take courses remotely to allow the flexibility to work or to take courses not available in the local district. Remote learning may even mean that students go to their traditional school, but take courses from elsewhere.

I am guessing higher education will be impacted the most. This change has been coming for years. I taught several graduate courses to folks who worked, but wanted a graduate degree for advanced certification or unique skills. For practicing teachers who wanted to add a course to their existing schedule and travel time to reach a campus were often prohibitive and most colleges of education have been serving these students at a distance for some time.

My usual situation involved simultaneously teaching students in a classroom and others who joined online. In the “old days”, this was first accomplished by links among multiple gathering locations perhaps other colleges or a few high schools willing to host those from the region. The online experience then eventually shifted to individual computers with teachers often preferring to connect at the end of the day from their classrooms to be assured of a good connection and fewer distractions. Obviously, this worked only for those from the same geographic region and others might join later to catch the end of class and use a recording for the earliest segments. My other experience has been with individuals involved in a program focused on Instructional Design. This field is more specialized and is approached at a distance for the same reason high school students may take specialized courses online – the interest in any one location does not justify the cost of instruction. 

I now wonder if full-time students who might go to a campus at present might take some of their coursework remotely as a way to reduce cost. The social experience of living and studying with other students is great value for learning and networking, but taking online courses as replacements for large lecture classes and perhaps freshman composition courses makes some sense to me. 

An activity that I expect to change is the large conference. We attended the International Society of Technology in Education (ISTE) conference for years. I usually paid my own way because I also attended the AERA (American Educational Research Association) conference and applied any money I was provided by my university to this conference as it was more directly related to my teaching and research duties. Transportation, lodging, food, and registration fees would regularly mean I was paying more than $1000 out of pocket. That amount of money would easily purchase all of the relevant books I cared to read making the value of the conference hard to justify. Many argue that the value is in networking, but I have found conferences mostly of value for getting together with people I already know. At the K12 level, ISTE would cost about the same per teacher that attends and the value for sending many teachers seems questionable. I think less expensive regional conferences make more sense.

I have participated in a couple of online conferences this past year. I think there is potential. For most, I have not paid and this often means the presenters are supported by or are representatives of corporate sponsors. ISTE charged me $135 for early, early bird registration (now $155 I think) and offers presentations from more individuals selected in the normal way of reviewing presentation proposals. If large conferences continue, I predict they will be smaller in face-to-face attendance, but benefit from a paid online option.

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Radio Garden – Blues from Turkey

I have been online since being online was possible and I am still amazed what I find. Radio Garden allows immediate access to radio stations from around the world. Spin the globe and explore.

One of my favorite types of exploration is to listen to music from different locations. I am a big blues fan and the service allows you to search using different terms. Tonight it is blues from Istanbul.

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State Minimum Wage

The federal minimum wage is presently $7.25. The states in this grey and white fix the state minimum to the federal minimum (map source). The $7.25 was established in 2009. Wikipedia offers some interesting analyses related to the positive and negatives estimated to result from raising the minimum to $15.

In 2021, the Congressional Budget Office released a report which estimated that incrementally raising the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025 would benefit 17 million workers, but would also reduce employment by 1.4 million people. It would also lift 0.9 million people out of poverty, possibly raise wages for an additional 10 million workers, and increase the federal budget deficit by $54 billion over ten years by increasing the cost of goods and services paid for by the federal government.

Based on a 40 hour week and say a 50 week year, the $7.25 wage would generate an income of $14,500. The poverty level according to the federal definition appears in the following table.

Various federal assistance programs use these values to determine eligibility and are based on 130-150% of these values (see the link above).

One way to think about this is that businesses that pay the minimum wage are usually relying on taxpayers to subsidize the basic living expenses of their employees. For example, the Affordable Care act provides some subsidy to those making less than 400% of the poverty wage.

Any adult familiar with the cost of food, housing, transportation, medical care, child care, etc. should understand how limited an income of $14,500 a year really is. As a reality check, the following data represent state-by-state estimates of child care costs. Roughly half of the states require more funds to pay for the care of one child than an adult would make at the minimum federal income.

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Take control of online toxicity

Google is sponsoring a startup called Jigsaw that proposes to shape the Internet as a force for good. Among the priorities of this group is a focus on online toxicity. Jigsaw makes the case that online services are working on this problem (maybe), but it is focusing on its own products that can be made available to providers and users.

This means that you and I can try out what the company is working on. They offer a chrome extension called Tune that is an effort to take advantage of AI to reduce the toxicity of what you experience when using familiar social media services (e.g., Twitter, Facebook). If you are interested, visit the Chrome store and search for Tune. You may want to check out other sources describing this venture (PCMag, Perspective API).

Tune offers two ways users can adjust their experience. The first is a knob that allows the user to set the level of toxicity they are willing to tolerate and the second allows the selection of areas of toxicity they don’t want to deal with.

I have read reviews that are critical charging that Tune relies on a simple list of keywords. I cannot verify this is the case and even if it were true some may find this an improvement.

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That feeling of power

What is it that makes you feel like you have a sense of agency, a feeling of power? It is important we all feel some sense of control in our lives.

Cindy sent me this from a Facebook site she follows.

I have been growing tomatoes in my office using a hydroponic gardening setup and I know exactly how this feels. Power to the people – especially the gardeners.

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Phil Collins is 70

I am playing Phil Collins all day in honor of his 70th birthday. I checked Last.FM which keeps a record of nearly every song I have listened to since 2006 and Phil came in at 56 (just behind Paul Simon and Three Dog Night). I was a little surprised. By the end of the day, he should move up a few places.

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The benefit of working in a coffee shop

When I was still working as a professor, I didn’t spend much time in the university library. I worked in my office or at what might seem strange to some in a campus coffee shop that was just across the street. I continue to do this even after I have retired.

My wife never complained about my coffee shop thing even though when we are staying in lake country I sometimes I now drive about 10 miles to my shop. “I have to go to work,” I say. It turns out that there is actually some benefit to this habit. I happened across this article describing what some call the coffee shop effect. It appears that the benefits of low-level noise and distraction seem a benefit to the creative process, but might not be the best environment for learning. Somehow, this makes sense to me.

Here are the abstracts from a couple of studies cited in the article. 

Mehta, R., Zhu, R., & Cheema, A. (2012). Is noise always bad? Exploring the effects of ambient noise on creative cognition. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(4), 784-799.

This paper examines how ambient noise, an important environmental variable, can affect creativity. Results from five experiments demonstrate that a moderate (70 dB) versus low (50 dB) level of ambient noise enhances performance on creative tasks and increases the buying likelihood of innovative products. A high level of noise (85 dB), on the other hand, hurts creativity. Process measures reveal that a moderate (vs. low) level of noise increases processing difficulty, inducing a higher construal level and thus promoting abstract processing, which subsequently leads to higher creativity. A high level of noise, however, reduces the extent of information processing and thus impairs creativity.

Nielsen, E. G. (2015). The coffee shop effect: investigating the relationship between ambient noise and cognitive flexibility. (thesis)

This work suggests that noise may be beneficial for creativity but not for learning. Further research is needed to clarify the effect that ambient noise has on cognitive flexibility as it applies to other, non-learning-based tasks

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Addressing conspiracy believers

Like many I have been dumbfounded by the willingness of people I used to think were perfectional who are willing to accept something I know to inaccurate and potentially dangerous. In many such cases, I believe I can offer facts and show that such facts are not just what I believe, but what experts and scientists also argue. Nothing. I try to assume that if I can get them to explain what they see as evidence for their position and often can get them to generate nothing in return. However, calling attention to this lack of support does not seem to matter. Push too hard or offer too much in reasons and evidence and it seems easy to generate an emotional backlash. I am completely mystified and concerned because an agreement on certain truths and facts seems absolutely necessary before serious matters can be addressed.

I found a reasonable analysis of this situation and my perceptions are not unique. I did not find the recommendations particularly useful. For example, the suggestion that one attempt to discuss a controversy out of the public eye might work with people I already know and have already interacted with in several different ways, but not people I see posting things online. It makes sense that people get defensive when confronted and may feel embarrassed, but beyond being civil what exactly can you do? I don’t think it helpful to the general population to allow conspiracy theories to stand unopposed. This is dangerous. I do try to avoid attacking the person, but some see any direct opposition to falsehoods as a personal attack. The experts suggest – If it is bad, stop. Not advice I find helpful. If someone claims that Biden was not actually elected as the President or that COVID is a hoax, you cannot stop even if you don’t change the mind of the person you find yourself contradicting.

Anyway, the article I link offers an honest assessment of this situation and it offers both suggestions and links to other resources. You can probably determine my suggestion. Be firm in focusing on facts and valid sources. Ask questions and invite a defense of reasons you believe cannot be supported. Don’t agree to disagree on settled science or obvious falsehoods.

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Last trail to Markville

Take the last trail to Markville and I will meet you at the station.

With my apologies to the Monkees who in 1966 had a hit with Last train to Clarksville.

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Curmudgeon Hall of Fame

Some are born to greatness, some achieve greatness, but some have greatness thrust upon them. 

I opened the Curmudgeon Hall of Fame nearly 10 years ago now. My goal was to recognize true greatness among my fellow curmudgeons.

My standards are extremely high and as the only member of the nomination and membership committee, I could come up with only one individual worthy of recognition as being at the pinnacle of our kind.

I spotted what until yesterday was the only member of the HOF while walking the streets of Kona, Hawaii. Yes, I have traveled extensively in pursuit of those deserving of membership. “Surf Shop Guy” as he will always be known to me exhibits the characteristics of the ideal curmudgeon. You can just tell at a glance.

Yesterday, I was watching the inauguration of President Biden. The camera panned the crowd and then I saw him. I knew in an instant I had found the second member of the Hall of Fame. Everything about this image shouted extraordinary curmudgeon.

Quickly I called the nomination and membership committee into session and I made a decision. I introduce the incomparable curmudgeon, Bernie Saunders, and I bestow on Bernie hallowed membership in the Hall of Curmudgeon Fame.

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