Convince me we haven’t tried this before

One of the annoying characteristics of curmudgeons is they supposedly react to new ideas by claiming “we tried that before and it did not work”. I am having this reaction to the “makers” and “tinkerers” movement and I am attempting to carefully analyze this feeling to determine if I could possibly be wrong. One of the realities of being more mature (older) is that you have had more experiences than those taken in by a new idea.

I have programmed as part of my professional life since the mid-80s and I claim to be “pretty good for a psychologist”. Perhaps these experiences encouraged a receptive attitude to folks such as Papert who promoted programming as an empowering skill and a way to make available a “computational” way of understanding content areas such as mathematics. We still have unassembled robot kits in the garage. This attitude on my part resulted in some experiences with logo and middle school students and the promotion of programming in early editions of our textbook. In fact, I was able to locate content we prepared to describe programming to learn experiences on a server I operate. If you have recently become interested, I think this material is useful because it provides a simple description of how programming is to benefit students, examples, and a research review

Since so many are now discovering programming and the “maker movement”, it may be helpful to consider what happened to the initial efforts to bring such experiences to the K-12 setting. I believe the original activities lost popularity before we entered the era of high stages testing and the narrowing of the curriculum. What then killed Logo? I would propose that general integration lost popularity because a) there was a reaction against computer literacy and b) there was not an obvious benefit to the use of class time for limited programming activities.

Early use of technology in classrooms was often described in terms of the tool, tutor, and tutee model. The tutor role proposed the use of the computer in an instructional capacity. The tool role emphasized the value of technology as a way to accomplish existing learning tasks more efficiently and more effectively. The tutee role proposed that teaching the computer (programming) encouraged careful thinking, logic, and other benefits that seem similar to those proposed by the “makers”. However, at some point in time, it became fashionable to utter the mantra “it is not about the technology, it is about the learning” and computer literacy was devalued. Of course, learning to program is learning and learning how to make use of a spreadsheet is learning, but these types of learning were considered specific and not part of the core mission of schools.

To me, the more damaging argument resulted from efforts to evaluate whether experiences with a programming language resulted in broader benefits (as seemingly were proposed by Papert). A good deal of work was published and summarized. One of the more persuasive reviews (my opinion) was provided by Salomon & Perkins (1989) concluding that young programmers neither became very good a programming nor showed much transfer from their programming experiences to other areas (my interpretation – reference provided at end).

So much for my historical analysis. Anyway, there is clearly a present interest in programming, robotics, and “making” (e.g., Watters review of 2013 trends). I would provide links here, but most who read my comments probably already have heard of the Hour of Code (sounds like some Sunday morning television evangelist program), raspberry PI, Scratch, etc. (see the Watters piece for all the detail you might desire).

I would really like to be excited about this – it strikes close to my personal interests and is consistent with my personal skills. However, before I invest time in promoting something I find useful on a personal level, I would like to be convinced that this is not another educational fad and that the barriers I perceived to exist 15-20 years ago never did exist or somehow are now longer important. Someone be honest about the history of this content and acknowledge that we have tried this before and it will be different this time. What general benefits can be demonstrated beyond the skill set that some of us need for the work that we do?

Salomon, G. & Perkins, D. (1989). Rocky road to transfer: Rethinking mechanisms of a neglected phenomenon. Educational Psychologist, 24(2), 113-142.

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Spend at least a little time on topics that matter

I must say that I am frustrated with the topics my education colleagues address via social media. They seem unaware or uncaring when it comes to major issues that shape and control the context within which education functions. I had such high hopes for social media because I thought it provided a vehicle for each of us to voice our perspectives on important issues. We seem to have the time to discuss a few topics with like minded individuals resulting in very little change in anyone. Don’t we have the time to attempt to use the tools for broader impact? Shouldn’t we attempt to model the notion that every citizen’s view matters for our students?

Let me explain this as a researcher might. If this were a regression equation accounting for educational outcomes, too many comment and discuss the variables that account for a trivial proportion of the variability in performance. Why debate whether direct instruction or project based learning works best when neither functions work well when children and their parents have no health care and a low income? Equity issues wash out most variables when included in our equation. The method of experiencing information matters little in comparison. This was Maslow’s basic contribution. He called certain sources of motivation deficiency needs.

Maybe your local context does not expose you to these very real problems. Educators need to be more aware of big issues even if they are not personally influenced. To me, educators need to model the importance of a broad perspective. Read a major newspaper once in a while. Know how your representatives vote and offer your reaction.

I am not discouraging your personal interests in technology. I am encouraging you to use it to address more issues that matter. I am not egotistical enough to assume my perspective on various issues must be correct, but I am willing to say that taking the time to make my perspective known is an important thing for me to do.

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LOYO

I may be too easily annoyed, but “insider speak” annoys me. Educators should know better than use unique terminology as part of their mission is to communicate with a broad audience. When they constantly refer to PD, SAMR, NAEP, and CCSS, I am guessing the commentary that follows has little impact on the general public.

However, maybe my attitude is functioning as a personal liability. You must set yourself apart to gain recognition. Perhaps I should try to create my own “in group” and see if I can generate an acronym that I can claim as a special insight.

[pause for 5 minutes of thinking time]

I have it. I call my new education model LOYO. I considered for a moment calling my model PPD, as in personal professional development,  but decided that I am a fan of the vowel. LOYO encourages individualization, personalization, and differentiation. These must be really good things because I keep reading that these are important processes. LOYO is Learning On Your Own. Because I am a tech guy, I will first emphasize a unique version of LOYO that will hence be referred to as OLOYO (online learning on your own).

For those of you interested in becoming OLOYOs, you need to develop tools that feed you information for REFLECTION (another one of those insider terms). I kept thinking reflection was some kind of STEM term related to mirrors and physics, but it turns out after some OLOYO that it means thinking. See how well my model works for LOYO.

When engaged in LOYO via OLOYO, it is important to recognize that you are likely to have personal biases and these may limit the content you access for REFLECTION. To overcome this known bias, I recommend you both follow some folks who say things you find helpful (see Feedly) and also seek broader input in case your selection of experts runs to those I would refer to as a DOOFUS (not an acronym, but you can access a definition through Webster. To protect yourself from the DOOFUS effect, I recommend Google Alerts.

Follow this blog for further LOYO developments. Become a LOYO promoter. Become LOYO certified so you can add another honorary to your email signature block. You do not have to seek my approval or attend one of my workshops to secure this certification. In keeping with the spirit of LOYO, you are encouraged to certify yourself. I am working on some rubrics to guide your SE (self evaluation), but until I have another five minutes to develop the SE model and associated rubrics, you are on your own.

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There are problems in my home town

There is a line in Bruce Springsteen’s “My home town” that goes: “Foreman says these jobs are going boys and they ain’t coming back to your hometown”. The lyrics probably were written some years ago to describe changes in New Jersey, but perhaps they are appropriate to present changes in our country and perhaps even worldwide.

Each month I listen to pundits from the various networks discuss the monthly jobs report. There seems to be something for everyone – the numbers are always positive, but never positive enough. The small business job creators are being handicapped by expectations for health care (is a lack of benefits really part of a productive business model). Schools are not preparing students for the reality of a new world (21 century skills). What if most of the speculation regarding jobs and the economy are missing something more obvious? What if the number of jobs necessary to meet many of our needs is simply not growing? We have advanced and that means we have become far more productive. Part of the problem is becoming more productive and not less productive. Technology is part of this. Being successful has a downside. We need fewer farmers. We need fewer workers to man an assembly line. An economic down turn has not harmed the stock market. Companies can find ways to become more efficient and once greater efficiency has been achieved why reverse course?

We may contribute to this reality in other ways. We prefer cheap as consumers. We shop at Sam’s and Costco. We order from Amazon rather than Borders or specialty book stores and we prefer our technology gadgets from the same source rather than Best Buy. We may also be nearing the peak of our consumerism. How much more stuff do we need? We are partly responsible for decreasing the number of jobs and developing a small group of ultra wealthy capable of biasing our political system to keep our economic system working in their favor.

I am of the opinion that dispersing the wealth is part of the solution. There is enough money, just not enough individuals with access to a reasonable portion. There is no reality in a trickle down philosophy.  Trickle, at best, is an apt description.  If anything, the data clearly show we are in the midst of an accelerating trend in the opposite direction. The only way I see more citizens receiving the benefits of the productivity of this country is for the government to step in. What concerns me is the model by which politicians secure funds to keep themselves in office and the way this alters priorities  sustains the present system.

I have long been a Tom Friedman fan and what I describe here seems similar to some of the arguments he makes – http://www.thomaslfriedman.com/

What is the role for education? I don’t buy the argument that preparing students to be STEM innovators is the only path we should explore. The proportion of students who will have the necessary aptitude and commitment to achieve in this way has a reasonable limit. This argument is akin to the dream of some to become professional athletes. Educators warn against the pro athlete dream and they should recognize that becoming the next Jobs, Brin, or Beezos is even more remote. I also don’t see education as the remedy for inequity. An exception here and there aside, those with advantages going in exit with the same or greater advantages. This is not a failure of the system. All advance, but not to the same degree. The resources available are not sufficient to reverse the disadvantages many face.

I did not used to pay attention to economic news, but my retirement decision is here and I am paying more attention.

The country needs people like me to retire. I am quite capable of continuing to do my specialized job. My mental capabilities are fine and I have the benefit of a lot of experience. The type of job I do pays off late in the game. If you are into the money, you work a long time to get to this level and it is tempting to work a few more years to cash in. However, the number of jobs like mine are relatively limited and there are many talented individuals waiting to be given a chance. Perhaps there should be a way to retire earlier with some confidence about the future. Perhaps working more hours should not be encouraged. What if there are only so many hours of “thing creation” work available and we need to share these hours around. There are certainly some services that could be expanded. If health care is the issue of the future, why is it that the number of providers has not been expanded? If class size in education is an issue, why are we talking about saving money by cramming more and more students into the same number of classes. Why are we presently satisfied because we have found oil and have plenty of coal? We know the downside of taking the short term perspective.

This is not intended to be a pessimistic post. However, doubling down on an unregulated model of wealth creation has to change.

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Beyond the tipping point

I have been listening to “The Circle” by Dave Eggers. I would call this science fiction, but I listen to so little fiction I am not actually certain how to categorize the work. The story is set in “The Circle” the dominant Internet company of the time. If you have read or thought about the most prominent Internet companies (Facebook, Google, Twitter), you will be able to identify elements of each in this one fictional company.

The core theme in the book is online privacy and Eggers explores the topic by taking our present situation to extremes. What if a single company had the collective information about presently held by many companies (or the NSA)? What if we all were even more invested in sharing and encouraging each other (a tweet is a zing in the book)?

The story unfolds through the eyes of young Mae Holland who lands her dream job at the Circle and “eats the dog food.” The story identifies the benefits of openness, but then reveals how greater harm may eventually emerge. For example, what if elected officials wore a camera (say something like an improved GoPro)? One volunteers to “go transparent” in a bid for public approval. The outcome is positive encouraging others to do the same. Soon, online ire is directed at those who will not reveal their daily lives as if they must have something to hide. Mae is convinced that everyone should make the same commitment and volunteers. Soon her life is followed by millions of viewers and she is trapped by the popularity and her commitment.

I listen to rather then read most fiction. It takes a long time to get through a book (the Winds of War was 40 hours or so). I had hoped to offer one of the first reviews of this book, but I have already found several (NYTimes, Doug Johnson) . I found the book disturbing as if the author has tweaked a nerve representing a possibility I did not want to acknowledge. I do have a concern with over committing to any one company (Google, Amazon, Apple) even though our economic system encourages growth and market share as the measure of success. It does make you think.

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Are citizens being forbidden to think critically?

I swore I would take a break from commenting on politics. I need to take a more positive view of life. I do not want others to think I am a negative person. I need to spend my time commenting on matters of educational relevance.

Never mind, I have decided I am what I am (popeye said that) and true happiness can only be achieved by being true to yourself (I said that, but other folks probably did too.).

Let me, as an educator, start with something I am supposed to understand. Educators are now responsible for the development of 21st century skills including the improvement of higher order thinking. Sound good so far? This has always been the case, but indicating we are in the 21st century makes it sound more immediately relevant.

Anyway, one the essential 21st century skills is critical thinking. Most folks could not offer a definition, but I can. Just the word critical should be enough for you to understand how important this must be. Why get excited about uncritical thinking? Anyway, critical thinking is deemed of special significance because access to information is no longer an issue. While Walter Cronkrite is gone we do have Fox News and other sources unwilling to commit to offering a no spin zone. There is plenty of information at our  finger tips. The problem with the wealth of sources is that it is possible to find about any opinion on any topic. The existence of opposite views should be a concern. Logic should allow the conclusion that not every position taken is accurate or appropriate. We must be able to identify our own biases and the biases of those offering us opinions.

So, if you are interested in educational technology, you quickly encounter the challenge of critical thinking in the context of information literacy. How do you prepare future citizens to evaluate the content they encounter online? We have lists of suggestions readers should learn to take into consideration. The first item on the list is always the same. Who said what you are considering? What are the credentials of that person and what might be the motives of the person? If you cannot identify the source, you really should move on.

Nothing political so far. Just wait.

This morning I opened up my news reader and I found this article. Senator Cruz (yep – the pretend filibuster guy) is opposing the nomination of Tom Wheeler as FCC chair. I know paying attention to who is the FCC chair seems a little strange, but I pay attention because the FCC plays a role in setting Internet policies for schools.

So, Senator Cruz has a concern and this seems to be that (according to the Washington Post):

he “blocked the confirmation of Tom Wheeler as chairman of the FCC, saying he wanted greater assurance from President Obama’s nominee that the agency wouldn’t require more funding disclosures for political TV ads. Cruz has said that such free speech should be protected.”

“Yes, the Senator is holding the nominee until he gets answers to his questions regarding Mr. Wheeler’s views on whether the FCC has the authority or intent to implement the requirements of the failed Congressional DISCLOSE Act,” Cruz’s spokesman Sean Rushton said in a statement.

It is important that this abstracted content be read carefully. Our assumptions may lead to miscomprehension. The key phrase reads “wanted greater assurance from President Obama’s nominee that the agency wouldn’t require more funding disclosures …”.

[The DISCLOSE act]

So Cruz is concerned with first amendment rights. So am I – I think. Anyway, my understanding of these deep political issues is possibly flawed so I decided to consult wikipedia:

The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as one of the ten amendments that comprise the Bill of Rights.

So, unless I am missing something requiring a law degree, the free speech comment in the first amendment is about your right to take a public stand. It is not about whether or not you should have to own up to the stand you take. Do you read this in a different way? Find your civics book if you must.

I do understand why political candidates might want to hide the sources responsible for their funds. However, for the public to evaluate the information generated by these sources, they really do need to know the source for the information. This is what we teach you in middle school. Why would you want to prevent critical thinking?

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Thoughts on political gridlock and dysfunction

It seems to me that much of the present political gridlock is due to House Republicans in “safe districts” being afraid that if they break ranks the big conservative money will go against them in the next primary election. The entire state of North Dakota is an example of such a district. It is the only way I can see the country being held hostage by what seems to be a self destructive agenda and an extremist minority.

Understanding is not the same as a remedy. If you are a Republican contact your representative to indicate your wishes. If you are for a government shut down, I must accept that this might be your message. I am thinking this would not be a common message, but I may be wrong. Recognize that it is the representative who profits from a voting commitment that is loyal to a party rather than local constituents and not you. Remind him/her that your future vote is what counts and not whether he/she can generate a large fund for the next election cycle.

If you are a Democrat, I assume your present representative already knows how you feel and does not care. Make the effort to make your views known anyway.

The social media some of us invest so much time in must be worth something. It is time to temporarily turn away from our day to day chatter and express our opinions. Time to call out those who represent you and are vague about their positions. Representative Cramer I am talking to you. You seem presently to be more focused on crop insurance than insurance for people. Am I wrong about the money going a different direction unless you stay with the pack? You seem to be mute when it comes to issues of more general import.

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A limited role for Twitter

I have a thing with a particular use of Twitter. I do not understand the use of twitter as a discussion tool. Why try to interact using short comments when other equally accessible tools allow conversation at a greater depth. For example, why enter text segments limited to 140 characters when you could speak (Google hang outs). Why spam Twitter users with responses to a discussion that make no sense because they do not have access to the comments from others involved? Again, Google offers circles which represent a much more elegant way to define interested participants.

You should select the tool to fit the task rather than limit the task to fit the tool. This sounds like one of those quotes my wife loves to pass around. In general I am not a fan of brief and assumed pithy statements. Explaining complexity is not the same as being brief. Quote me if you must.

Anyway, I think I have encountered an example that makes my point. One of the individuals I follow on Twitter made a statement that I thought was ridiculous. This does happen on Twitter. I am not claiming that I am immune to transgressions. This is part of what I am trying to say – Twitter does not allow space for nuance.

A hashtag indicated the Twitter statement that caught my attention was part of a discussion so I decided to search for related tweets. This is how I located the group discussion. A key issue in the discussion seemed to involve the value of teacher content knowledge (it is now fashionable among the Ed tech types to describe technological, pedagogical and content knowledge). A position taken by several participants seemed to be that more knowledgeable teachers were somehow likely to be less effective. Certainly, I thought, this could not be what was intended.

Some examples (without names):

  • The curse of knowledge: The more you know about your subject, the less you understand a novice’s questions.
  • A cognitive bias: The more you know about your subject, the harder it is to appreciate how beginners approach a subject.

If you believe such a thing how would you act on such an assumption? Would you advocate for the hiring of college students with Cs rather than As in the content area they would eventually teach? Wouldn’t you really want future teachers with both passion for and understanding of the content area they are responsible for teaching?

This position caught my attention because I had just been reading a research article on the topic. (American Educational Research Journal – 2013, 50, 1020-1049.)

This study involved the modification of student faulty assumptions of scientific phenomena.

How do teacher science knowledge and awareness of common student impact their effectiveness in modifying student understanding? This seemed exactly the perfect way to test the comments from Twitter. Are understanding and an appreciation of the challenges of struggling students mutually exclusive?

The following is a short excerpt from the abstract:

“For items that had a popular wrong answer, the teachers who could identify this misconception had larger classroom gains, much larger than if the teachers knew only the correct answers. On items on which students did not exhibit misconceptions, teacher subject matter knowledge alone account for higher student gains.”

I read this to suggest that content knowledge and “content-related” pedagogical knowledge are different things, but I certainly see no support for the notion that less knowledgeable teachers are somehow more effective. There is no evidence that less background knowledge is somehow helpful.

Twitter participants sometimes need to express themselves in greater detail.

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Lucky or not

Thanks to all of you unselfish enough to stand in support of the Affordable Care Act. Today I can be assured that my wife and my daughters cannot be denied health insurance because of a preexisting condition. The women in my life have the BRCA gene predisposing them to several forms of cancer and my wife is already a two-times cancer survivor.

The notion of a preexisting condition is interesting to consider. You can be predisposed in different ways. Some individuals have physical abnormalities that predispose them to an early heart attack. Many medical conditions are genetically based and being unlucky in the genes you happen to draw may end up predisposing you to one problem or another. There have always been such conditions. What has changed is our awareness of some. Recognizing you are predisposed should be a good thing. Being predisposed does not mean the negative potential of your predisposition will be realized. It means you play the game of life with different odds than those who are luckier.

It is important to recognize that insurance is also a game of chance – you are willing to lose money in exchange for protection against a catastrophic loss. The reality is that some are excluded from the game because they have higher odds of winning (actually losing). In some cases we can identify those with different odds and in some cases this is not yet possible. Knowing that your odds are not as good should not be held against you.

Do people really not understand how these health care issues work? Those without insurance end up with inevitable illnesses or injuries and seek help in the emergency room. I have spent far too much time in such settings observing what went on around me. Sometimes the problems being treated were not really emergencies. Often, those who end up seeking care for what are not actually emergencies are simply unable to pay and take this approach because they are provided care. It would be far better economically if all had health insurance and could seek help in an appropriate setting.

We had insurance when both of my wife’s cancers were detected. My wife did not have to weigh whether a checkup would be a waste of money and her cancers were detected early enough to give her a fighting chance. Many are not so lucky. Some with limited means cannot afford health insurance and do not have the means to secure regular checkups. When they eventually end up in the medical system it is both expensive for the system and often too late.

So thanks to those unselfish enough to understand. Feel lucky you have not had to face the odds imposed by a preexisting condition and feel lucky if you have been able to afford insurance. Good luck is seldom something entirely earned. Good luck is so easy to take for granted.

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No accounting for taste

I post to several blogs. Some of my posts involve considerable effort – perhaps several hours. Other posts are more whimsical and take only a couple of minutes.

I tend to spend more time on my blog posts that I do on the content I share via Google+. However a recent, contribution to Google+ generated a reaction from several individuals I do not know. I evidently offered something that caught the attention of several individuals. The topic? I posted a picture of a pink air compressor. No accounting for taste.

 

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